What is the name of the joint that allows for rotation of the arm at the shoulder?

A. Elbow joint

B. Hip joint

C. Knee joint

D. Shoulder joint

Answer Explanation:

Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.

Q #1: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule of sulphur dioxide (SO2)?

A. Linear

B. Trigonal planar

C. Bent

D. Tetrahedral

Answer Explanation

The molecular geometry of a molecule of sulphur dioxide (SO2) is bent or V-shaped. This is because of the presence of two lone pairs on the sulfur atom, which cause repulsion and distort the bond angles in the molecule.

SO2 has a central sulfur atom bonded to two oxygen atoms by double bonds. The two double bonds and the two lone pairs of electrons on sulfur result in a trigonal planar arrangement of electron pairs around the sulfur atom. However, the repulsion between the lone pairs causes the two oxygen atoms to be pulled closer together, resulting in a bent or V-shaped molecular geometry.

The bent molecular geometry of SO2 aﬀects its properties, such as its polarity and reactivity. SO2 is a polar molecule due to the asymmetric distribution of electrons, which results in a partial positive charge on the sulfur atom and partial negative charges on the oxygen atoms. This polarity makes SO2 a good solvent and reactant in chemical reactions, as well as a contributor to air pollution and acid rain.
Q #2: Which of the following is a type of genetic mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a DNA sequence?

A. Silent mutation

B. Nonsense mutation

C. Frameshift mutation

D. Missense mutation

Answer Explanation

A frameshift mutation is a type of genetic mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a DNA sequence. This can cause a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code, resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein. Frameshift mutations can have significant effects on the function of the protein and can lead to genetic disorders or diseases.
Q #3: What are the five regions of the vertebral column, starting from the top and moving downwards?

A. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

B. Thoracic, cervical, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

C. Lumbar, thoracic, cervical, coccygeal, sacral

D. Sacral, lumbar, cervical, thoracic, coccygeal
Answer Explanation

The vertebral column, also known as the spine or spinal column, is a series of bones called vertebrae that extend from the skull to the pelvis. It provides support for the body and protects the spinal cord. The five regions of the vertebral column, starting from the top and moving downwards, are:
1. Cervical: This region is made up of seven vertebrae and is located in the neck. The first two cervical vertebrae, the atlas and the axis, are specialized to allow for head movement.
2. Thoracic: This region is made up of twelve vertebrae and is located in the upper and middle back. The thoracic vertebrae are larger than the cervical vertebrae and articulate with the ribs.
3. Lumbar: This region is made up of five vertebrae and is located in the lower back. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae.
4. Sacral: This region is made up of five fused vertebrae and is located in the pelvis. The sacrum forms the posterior wall of the pelvis and articulates with the hip bones.
5. Coccygeal: This region is made up of four fused vertebrae and is located at the base of the vertebral column. The coccyx, or tailbone, provides atachment points for muscles and ligaments.
Q #4: What is the name of the genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

A. Turner syndrome

B. Klinefelter syndrome

C. Down syndrome

D. Huntington's disease

Answer Explanation

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is also known as trisomy 21, because aﬀected individuals have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two.

The extra chromosome 21 in Down syndrome occurs due to a random error in cell division, which leads to the production of an abnormal gamete (egg or sperm) with an extra copy of the chromosome. When this gamete fuses with a normal gamete during fertilization, the resulting zygote has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46, and develops into a fetus with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome is characterized by a range of physical and intellectual symptoms, including developmental delays, intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, heart defects, and increased risk of certain medical conditions such as leukemia and Alzheimer's disease. However, the severity and expression of these symptoms can vary widely among aﬀected individuals.
Q #5: Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary tissue types found in the human body?

A. Epithelial

B. Nervous

C. Connective

D. Exocrine glandular

Answer Explanation

Exocrine glandular is not one of the four primary tissue types found in the human body. The four primary tissue types are epithelial, nervous, connective, and muscle.
Q #6: What is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

A. Chlorophyll a

B. Chlorophyll b

C. Carotenoids

D. Anthocyanins

Answer Explanation

Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants. It is a green pigment that is essential for capturing light energy from the sun and converting it into chemical energy that can be used by the plant. Chlorophyll a absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and red parts of the spectrum, and reﬂects green light, giving plants their characteristic green color

Chlorophyll b is another type of chlorophyll that is also involved in photosynthesis, but it is not as abundant as chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and orange parts of the spectrum and reﬂects yellow-green light.

Carotenoids are pigments that are present in many plants and are involved in photosynthesis as well as protecting the plant from damage caused by excess light. Carotenoids are responsible for the orange, yellow, and red colors of many fruits and vegetables.

Anthocyanins are pigments that give plants their red, purple, and blue colors. While they are not directly involved in photosynthesis, they play a role in atracting pollinators and protecting the plant from damage caused by UV radiation.
Q #7: Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for regulating breathing rate and depth?

A. Bronchi

B. Alveoli

C. Diaphragm

D. Trachea

Answer Explanation

Diaphragm is responsible for regulating breathing rate and depth. It is a dome-shaped muscle located at the

bottom of the chest cavity that contracts and relaxes to help move air in and out of the lungs.
Q #8: What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

A. Monosaccharides are composed of two sugar molecules while disaccharides are composed of a single sugar molecule.

B. Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be further broken down into simpler sugars while disaccharides are composed of two simple sugars.

C. Monosaccharides are only found in plants while disaccharides are only found in animals.

D. Monosaccharides are used for energy storage while disaccharides are used for structural purposes.

Answer Explanation

Carbohydrates are one of the main types of biomolecules and are composed of monomers called monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be further broken down into simpler sugars. They are usually composed of 3 to 7 carbon atoms and have a general formula of (CH2O)n, where n is a number between 3 and 7. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

When two monosaccharides are joined together by a glycosidic bond, they form a disaccharide. Disaccharides are composed of two simple sugars and can be broken down into their constituent monosaccharides by hydrolysis. Examples of disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.

Option a) is incorrect because it describes the composition of a disaccharide, not a monosaccharide. Option

c) is incorrect because both monosaccharides and disaccharides can be found in both plants and animals.

Option d) is incorrect because both monosaccharides and disaccharides can be used for energy storage and

structural purposes, depending on their specific structure and function in the organism.
Q #9: What is the chemical formula for water?

A. H2O

B. CO2

C. NaCl

D. C6H12O6

Answer Explanation

The chemical formula for water is H2O. It consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Q #10: Which of the following is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?

A. Replication

B. Transcription

C. Translation

D. Mutation

Answer Explanation

Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA. During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds and RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule using the DNA as a template.