What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart?

A. Aortic valve

B. Mitral valve

C. Tricuspid valve

D. Pulmonary valve

Answer Explanation:

The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart and helps to regulate the ﬂow of blood between these chambers. It consists of two leaﬂets or ﬂaps that open and close in response to changes in pressure as the heart beats.

During diastole, when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood, the mitral valve opens to allow blood to ﬂow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. During systole, when the heart contracts to pump blood out of the left ventricle and into the systemic circulation, the mitral valve closes to prevent backﬂow of blood into the left atrium.

The mitral valve is one of four valves in the heart that help to ensure the unidirectional ﬂow of blood through the heart and the rest of the circulatory system. Problems with the mitral valve, such as mitral valve prolapse or mitral stenosis, can lead to a range of symptoms and complications, including shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and heart failure.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.

Q #1: Which of the following is responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis?

A. tRNA

B. mRNA

C. rRNA

D. DNA

Answer Explanation

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon that matches a codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. The tRNA molecule binds to the mRNA codon and brings the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing polypeptide chain.
Q #2: Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

A. Transport of nutrients to the body

B. Pumping of blood to the lungs

C. Exchange of gases between the body and the environment

D. Digestion of food in the stomach

Answer Explanation

One of the main functions of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. During inhalation, air enters the lungs and oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream. During exhalation, carbon dioxide is removed from the body and expelled into the environment.
Q #3: Which of the following statements is true regarding vaccines?

A. Vaccines can cause the disease they are designed to protect against

B. Vaccines work by providing passive immunity to the individual

C. Vaccines work by exposing the individual to a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen

D. Vaccines only provide protection against bacterial infections

Answer Explanation

Vaccines are a type of preventative medicine that work by exposing the individual to a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen (such as a virus or bacteria) or to a piece of the pathogen (such as a protein or sugar) that triggers an immune response in the body. This exposure allows the body to develop immunity to the pathogen without getting sick from the full-blown disease. Once the immune system has been primed, it can recognize and quickly respond to the pathogen if it is encountered again in the future, providing protection against the disease.

It is a common misconception that vaccines can cause the disease they are designed to protect against. This is not true. While some vaccines may cause mild symptoms such as a low-grade fever or soreness at the injection site, they do not cause the full-blown disease.

Vaccines provide active immunity, meaning that the body produces its own antibodies against the pathogen, rather than receiving pre-made antibodies as in passive immunity. Additionally, vaccines can be eﬀective against both bacterial and viral infections, depending on the specific vaccine.
Q #4: Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary tissue types found in the human body?

A. Epithelial

B. Nervous

C. Connective

D. Exocrine glandular

Answer Explanation

Exocrine glandular is not one of the four primary tissue types found in the human body. The four primary tissue types are epithelial, nervous, connective, and muscle.
Q #5: What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart?

A. Aortic valve

B. Mitral valve

C. Tricuspid valve

D. Pulmonary valve

Answer Explanation

The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart and helps to regulate the ﬂow of blood between these chambers. It consists of two leaﬂets or ﬂaps that open and close in response to changes in pressure as the heart beats.

During diastole, when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood, the mitral valve opens to allow blood to ﬂow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. During systole, when the heart contracts to pump blood out of the left ventricle and into the systemic circulation, the mitral valve closes to prevent backﬂow of blood into the left atrium.

The mitral valve is one of four valves in the heart that help to ensure the unidirectional ﬂow of blood through the heart and the rest of the circulatory system. Problems with the mitral valve, such as mitral valve prolapse or mitral stenosis, can lead to a range of symptoms and complications, including shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and heart failure.
Q #6: What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

A. To produce energy for the cell

B. To store genetic information

C. To transport molecules within the cell

D. To synthesize proteins in the cell

Answer Explanation

Ribosomes are small, spherical structures found in all living cells, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Their primary function is to synthesize proteins using the genetic information stored in the cell's DNA. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, one large and one small, that come together during protein synthesis.

Ribosomes read the genetic information stored in mRNA (messenger RNA) and use this information to assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, adding one amino acid at a time to the growing protein chain until it reaches the end of the mRNA and the protein is complete.

Proteins are essential for a wide variety of cellular functions, including catalyzing chemical reactions, providing structural support, and transporting molecules across cell membranes. Therefore, ribosomes play a critical role in the overall function and survival of a cell.
Q #7: What is the role of the epididymis in sperm maturation?

A. The epididymis produces sperm cells.

B. The epididymis stores and protects sperm cells until ejaculation.

C. The epididymis is responsible for the transport of sperm cells from the testes to the urethra.

D. The epididymis provides nourishment to sperm cells.

Answer Explanation

The epididymis is a coiled tube located at the back of each testicle where the sperm mature and are stored until ejaculation. Sperm are produced in the testes and then transported to the epididymis where they undergo maturation and become motile. The epididymis provides a protective environment for the sperm, allowing them to mature and become more resilient to external stressors. During ejaculation, the sperm are transported from the epididymis to the vas deferens and then to the urethra for ejaculation.
Q #8: Which of the following units is used to indicate length?

A. kg

B. L

C. s

D. m

Answer Explanation

The unit used to indicate length is the meter (m). It is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).
Q #9: What is the name of the joint that allows for rotation of the arm at the shoulder?

A. Elbow joint

B. Hip joint

C. Knee joint

D. Shoulder joint

Answer Explanation
Q #10: Which of the following is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?

A. Replication

B. Transcription

C. Translation

D. Mutation

Answer Explanation

Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA. During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds and RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule using the DNA as a template.