Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary tissue types found in the human body?

A. Epithelial

B. Nervous

C. Connective

D. Exocrine glandular

Answer Explanation:

Exocrine glandular is not one of the four primary tissue types found in the human body. The four primary tissue types are epithelial, nervous, connective, and muscle.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.

Q #1: What is the largest organ in the human body by surface area?

A. Brain

B. Heart

C. Liver

D. Skin

Answer Explanation

The largest organ in the human body by surface area is the skin. It covers the entire external surface of the body and has an average surface area of about 20 square feet in adults.
Q #2: Which of the following describes the function of ligaments?

A. Ligaments attach skeletal muscles to bone

B. Ligaments attach two bones

C. Ligaments attach bones to tendons

D. Ligaments attach skeletal muscles to tendons

Answer Explanation

Ligaments are tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in a joint. They provide stability and support to the joint, preventing excessive movement and helping to maintain proper alignment of the bones.
Q #3: Which of the following units is used to indicate length?

A. kg

B. L

C. s

D. m

Answer Explanation

The unit used to indicate length is the meter (m). It is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).
Q #4: Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

A. Transport of nutrients to the body

B. Pumping of blood to the lungs

C. Exchange of gases between the body and the environment

D. Digestion of food in the stomach

Answer Explanation

One of the main functions of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. During inhalation, air enters the lungs and oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream. During exhalation, carbon dioxide is removed from the body and expelled into the environment.
Q #5: What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

A. A physical change involves the rearrangement of atoms and molecules while a chemical change involves the formation of new substances with diﬀerent chemical properties.

B. A physical change involves the change of one state of mater to another while a chemical change involves the change of one substance into another.

C. A physical change involves the breaking of chemical bonds while a chemical change involves the breaking of intermolecular forces.

D. A physical change involves the release of energy while a chemical change involves the absorption of energy.

Answer Explanation

A physical change is a change that aﬀects the physical properties of a substance, but does not change its chemical identity. Physical changes include changes in state, such as melting or boiling, changes in shape or size, and changes in phase, such as the dissolution of a solid in a liquid. In a physical change, the atoms and molecules of the substance are rearranged, but no new substances are formed.

A chemical change, on the other hand, is a change that results in the formation of new substances with diﬀerent chemical properties. Chemical changes involve the breaking of chemical bonds between atoms and the formation of new bonds to create new compounds. Chemical changes are usually accompanied by a change in color, the formation of a gas or a solid, or the release or absorption of energy.

Overall, the main diﬀerence between a physical change and a chemical change is that a physical change only aﬀects the physical properties of a substance while a chemical change results in the formation of new substances with diﬀerent chemical properties.
Q #6: Which of the following describes the process of osmosis?

A. Movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

B. Movement of substances against a concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins.

C. Movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

D. Movement of substances into a cell by engulfing them with the plasma membrane.

Answer Explanation

Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, in order to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the membrane. Selectively permeable membranes allow only certain molecules to pass through, while preventing the passage of others.

In osmosis, the movement of water molecules is driven by the concentration gradient of solutes, which cannot pass through the membrane. If one side of the membrane has a higher concentration of solutes than the other, water molecules will move from the side with the lower concentration of solutes to the side with the higher concentration of solutes, in an atempt to dilute the solutes and equalize the concentration on both sides.

Osmosis is important in many biological processes, including the uptake of water by plant roots, the regulation of water balance in animal cells, and the preservation of food by adding salt or sugar to create a hypertonic environment that inhibits bacterial growth.
Q #7: What is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

A. Chlorophyll a

B. Chlorophyll b

C. Carotenoids

D. Anthocyanins

Answer Explanation

Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants. It is a green pigment that is essential for capturing light energy from the sun and converting it into chemical energy that can be used by the plant. Chlorophyll a absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and red parts of the spectrum, and reﬂects green light, giving plants their characteristic green color

Chlorophyll b is another type of chlorophyll that is also involved in photosynthesis, but it is not as abundant as chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and orange parts of the spectrum and reﬂects yellow-green light.

Carotenoids are pigments that are present in many plants and are involved in photosynthesis as well as protecting the plant from damage caused by excess light. Carotenoids are responsible for the orange, yellow, and red colors of many fruits and vegetables.

Anthocyanins are pigments that give plants their red, purple, and blue colors. While they are not directly involved in photosynthesis, they play a role in atracting pollinators and protecting the plant from damage caused by UV radiation.
Q #8: Which of the following is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?

A. Replication

B. Transcription

C. Translation

D. Mutation

Answer Explanation

Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA. During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds and RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule using the DNA as a template.
Q #9: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule of sulphur dioxide (SO2)?

A. Linear

B. Trigonal planar

C. Bent

D. Tetrahedral

Answer Explanation

The molecular geometry of a molecule of sulphur dioxide (SO2) is bent or V-shaped. This is because of the presence of two lone pairs on the sulfur atom, which cause repulsion and distort the bond angles in the molecule.

SO2 has a central sulfur atom bonded to two oxygen atoms by double bonds. The two double bonds and the two lone pairs of electrons on sulfur result in a trigonal planar arrangement of electron pairs around the sulfur atom. However, the repulsion between the lone pairs causes the two oxygen atoms to be pulled closer together, resulting in a bent or V-shaped molecular geometry.

The bent molecular geometry of SO2 aﬀects its properties, such as its polarity and reactivity. SO2 is a polar molecule due to the asymmetric distribution of electrons, which results in a partial positive charge on the sulfur atom and partial negative charges on the oxygen atoms. This polarity makes SO2 a good solvent and reactant in chemical reactions, as well as a contributor to air pollution and acid rain.
Q #10: During embryonic development, which of the following germ layers forms the nervous system?

A. Ectoderm

B. Endoderm

C. Mesoderm

D. Exoderm

Answer Explanation

The three germ layers that form during embryonic development are the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The ectoderm is the outermost layer, and it gives rise to the skin, hair, nails, and nervous system. The nervous system develops from a specialized region of the ectoderm called the neural plate, which invaginates to form the neural tube. The neural tube ultimately gives rise to the brain and spinal cord, which make up the central nervous system, as well as the peripheral nervous system. The endoderm gives rise to the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts, while the mesoderm gives rise to the musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, and several other organs. The exoderm is not a germ layer and does not exist during embryonic development.