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Which of the following is true regarding adipocytes?

A. They are involved in the secretion of glucose.

B. They are responsible for storing the fat that is found in adipose tissue

C. They are critical in the digestive breakdown of fat

D. They are the foundational element of muscles

Answer Explanation:

Adipocytes are primarily seen in adipose or fat tissue. Their primary function is the storage of fat Adipocytes play a crucial role in maintaining proper energy balance, storing calories in the form of lipids, and mobilizing energy sources in response to stress. They are not involved in the digestion of fat or the secretion of glucose, nor are they the foundational element of muscles

Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.

Q #1: When animals eat, insulin is released from the pancreas, stimulating glucose uptake by the liver. When glucose levels drop, the pancreas reduces insulin release. This is an example of which mechanism for maintaining homeostasis?

A. Negative feedback

B. Positive feedback

C. Stress response

D. Parasympathetic regulation

Answer Explanation

Maintaining homeostasis means that conditions are kept stable and relatively constant. Negative feedback is a mechanism used to reverse or minimize changes in a system. In this example, negative feedback is used to keep the body's glucose and insulin levels stable. Positive feedback (B) is a mechanism that Increases changes in a system. A stress response (C) describes the body's reaction to threats or pressures. Parasympathetic regulation (D) refers to activities of the nervous system, including slowing the heart rate and boosting Intestinal activity.
Q #2: Which of the heart chambers is the largest?

A. Left atrium

B. Right atrium

C. Left ventricle

D. Right ventricle

Answer Explanation

Of the four heart chambers, the left ventricle is the largest. When it contracts, it pushes blood out to the organs and extremities of the body. The right ventricle pushes blood into the lungs. The atria, on the other hand, receive blood from the outlying parts of the body and transport it into the ventricles.

The basic process works as follows: Oxygen-poor blood fills the right atrium and is pumped into the right ventricle. from which it is pumped into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs. In the lungs, this blood is oxygenated. The blood then reenters the heart at the left atrium, which, when full, pumps into the left ventricle. When the left ventricle is full, blood is pushed into the aorta and on to the organs and extremities of the body.
Q #3: Which of the following is NOT provided as a result of the valid research and observations recorded by scientists?

A. A better understanding of the physical world

B. The ability to predict possible outcomes affected by actions

C. The ability to prevent earthquakes and other natural disasters

D. The creation of various substances and technologies that enhance our world

Answer Explanation

Scientists make observations, gather data, and complete research over many years in order to compile knowledge that will provide insight into future disasters, such as earthquakes, storms, and global warming. Although science can be used to predict earthquakes and other natural disasters, there is currently no way of preventing them from occurring.
Q #4: Which of the below is the best definition for the term circulation?

A. The transport of oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system

B. The force exerted by blood against a unit area of the blood vessel walls

C. The branching air passageways inside the lungs

D. The process of breathing in

Answer Explanation

Circulation is transporting oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system. Choice B refers to blood pressure. Bronchi are the branching airways inside the lungs, while inhalation refers to the process of breathing in.
Q #5: Which of the following is exchanged between two or more atoms that undergo ionic bonding?

A. Neutrons

B. Transitory electrons

C. Valence electrons

D. Electrical charges

Answer Explanation

An ionic bond forms when one atom donates an electron from its outer shell, called a valence electron, to another atom to form two oppositely charged atoms.
Q #6: A chemistry experiment is performed to determine the effect of a nonvolatile solute on the boiling point of water. Three trials are performed in which 10 mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg of salt are added to 500 mL of distilled water. Each solution is heated on a hot plate, and the elevated boiling points are recorded. Determine the dependent and independent variables in this question.

A. The independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water boils.

B. The independent variable is the amount of water, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water boils.

C. The independent variable is the temperature at which the water boils, and the dependent variable is the amount of salt.

D. The Independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the amount of water.

Answer Explanation

In a scientific experiment, the dependent variable is the condition that is being tested and measured. The independent variable is the condition that is being changed or controlled. In this example, the amount of salt is varied, and the boiling point of water is measured. Therefore, the independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water bolls.
Q #7: Which of these does NOT match the nitrogenous base to the nucleobase?

A. Purine: Adenine

B. Purine: Thymine

C. Pyrimidine: Uracil

D. Pyrimidine: Cytosine

Answer Explanation

There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purine and pyrimidine bases. Purine bases have two rings in their structure and consist of adenine and guanine. Pyrimidine bases only have one ring in their structure and consist of thymine and cytosine (DNA) and uracil and cytosine (RNA). Therefore, the correct answer is B since thymine is a pyrimidine.
Q #8: Given that there are over 100 million residential addresses in the United States, which of the following best describes a flaw of this survey as it is described?

A. There were not enough age groups to show a trend based on age.

B. The addresses were chosen randomly rather than strategically

C. The distribution of ages in the sample did not reflect the actual population

D. Each response represents only one person per address

Answer Explanation

While the random selection and large number of surveys sent out were a good start, to truly study the relationship between age and screen usage, it would have been better to have a few more age groups or just a direct age value from each participant rather than four large categories. As far as whether the age distribution accurately reflected the population, we don't have enough information to say if that was a problem or not. Also, the fact that each response is from just one person at the address is not a flaw but a reasonable way to get a good variety of responses
Q #9: Which of the following statements best defines an organelle?

A. Layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells

B. Abnormal Infectious proteins

C. Specialized structures within a cell

D. Collection of tissues used to serve a specific function

Answer Explanation

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that serve a specific function. For example, mitochondria supply energy to the cell by generating adenosine triphosphate. Ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis. The nucleus is in charge of all of the activities of the cell.
Q #10: What is a hypothetical explanation for an occurrence that is based on prior knowledge called?

A. Independent variable

B. Dependent variable

C. Trial

D. Hypothesis

Answer Explanation

A hypothesis is the use of prior knowledge in order to provide a hypothetical explanation for why something may or may not occur. A hypothesis can be proved wrong or right based on the results of the experiment and repeated trials.

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