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Which of the following statements best defines an organelle?

A. Layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells

B. Abnormal Infectious proteins

C. Specialized structures within a cell

D. Collection of tissues used to serve a specific function

Answer Explanation:

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that serve a specific function. For example, mitochondria supply energy to the cell by generating adenosine triphosphate. Ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis. The nucleus is in charge of all of the activities of the cell.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is C.

Q #1: How many different types of nucleotides are there in DNA?

A. One

B. Two

C. Four

D. Eight

Answer Explanation

There are four different nucleotides in DNA. Nucleotides are monomers of nucleic acids, composed of five- carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides make up both DNA and RNA. They are essential for the recording of an organism's genetic information, which guides the actions of the various cells of the body.
Q #2: Where is the gastrocnemius vein in relation to the femoral vein?

A. Lateral

B. Distal

C. Superior

D. Ventral

Answer Explanation

The gastrocnemius vein is found in the calf. The femoral vein is found in the proximal anterior thighs/pelvis.

Since the gastrocnemius vein is found below the femoral vein it is distal or inferior to the femoral vessel.
Q #3: A chemistry experiment is performed to determine the effect of a nonvolatile solute on the boiling point of water. Three trials are performed in which 10 mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg of salt are added to 500 mL of distilled water. Each solution is heated on a hot plate, and the elevated boiling points are recorded. Determine the dependent and independent variables in this question.

A. The independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water boils.

B. The independent variable is the amount of water, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water boils.

C. The independent variable is the temperature at which the water boils, and the dependent variable is the amount of salt.

D. The Independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the amount of water.

Answer Explanation

In a scientific experiment, the dependent variable is the condition that is being tested and measured. The independent variable is the condition that is being changed or controlled. In this example, the amount of salt is varied, and the boiling point of water is measured. Therefore, the independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water bolls.
Q #4: Which of the following statements best defines an organelle?

A. Layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells

B. Abnormal Infectious proteins

C. Specialized structures within a cell

D. Collection of tissues used to serve a specific function

Answer Explanation

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that serve a specific function. For example, mitochondria supply energy to the cell by generating adenosine triphosphate. Ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis. The nucleus is in charge of all of the activities of the cell.
Q #5: Which of the following orbitals is the last to fill?

A. 1s

B. 3s

C. 4p

D. 6s

Answer Explanation

Of these orbitals, the last to fill is 6s.

Orbitals fill in the following order: 1s, 25, 2p. 35, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 55, 4d, 5p. 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p. 7s, 5f, 6d, and 7p. The number is the orbital number, and the letter is the sublevel identification. Sublevels has one orbital and can hold a maximum of two electrons. Sublevel p has three orbitals and can hold a maximum of six electrons. Sublevel d has five orbitals and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons, Sublevel f has seven orbitals and can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.
Q #6: Which of these body parts does NOT produce melanin?

A. Hair

B. Nails

C. Skin

D. Iris

Answer Explanation

While melanin can be found in nails, it is not produced there. Melanin is the pigment that provides color to skin, hair, and eyes. Although the specific coloring of one's skin, hair, and eyes are genetically determined. environmental factors such as sun exposure can increase melanin production in the skin to help protect it from damage.
Q #7: When animals eat, insulin is released from the pancreas, stimulating glucose uptake by the liver. When glucose levels drop, the pancreas reduces insulin release. This is an example of which mechanism for maintaining homeostasis?

A. Negative feedback

B. Positive feedback

C. Stress response

D. Parasympathetic regulation

Answer Explanation

Maintaining homeostasis means that conditions are kept stable and relatively constant. Negative feedback is a mechanism used to reverse or minimize changes in a system. In this example, negative feedback is used to keep the body's glucose and insulin levels stable. Positive feedback (B) is a mechanism that Increases changes in a system. A stress response (C) describes the body's reaction to threats or pressures. Parasympathetic regulation (D) refers to activities of the nervous system, including slowing the heart rate and boosting Intestinal activity.
Q #8: Which of the following are examples of homeostatic mechanisms?

A. Increasing heart rate when blood pressure is low, Consuming excess calories to gain weight

B. Lifting weights to increase muscle mass

C. Shivering when the body temperature falls

D. Shivering when the body temperature falls, Secreting insulin to decrease blood sugar concentration, Increasing heart rate when blood pressure is low

Answer Explanation

Homeostatic mechanisms are involuntary actions by organs, glands, tissues and cells to maintain balance within the body. For example, if a person becomes dehydrated, the kidneys will retain fluid by decreasing urine output.

Consuming excess calories and lifting weights are not involuntary actions, nor do they maintain the body in its baseline state. Rather, they are actions specifically taken to move the body away from its baseline.
Q #9: Which of the following statements concerning the states of matter is NOT true?

A. Plasmas are high-temperature collections of ions and free electrons.

B. Solids are the least compressible due to the more rigid positions of the particles.

C. Gases have no definite volume and expand to fill their containers

D. Liquids have no definite shape and no definite volume.

Answer Explanation

Liquids have no definite shape, but they do have a definite volume. While the particles of liquids move more freely than those in solids, they do maintain a definite volume.
Q #10: What is the typical way a solid would turn to a liquid and then to a gas?

A. Vaporizing, then melting

B. Melting, then freezing

C. Vaporizing, then freezing

D. Melting, then vaporizing

Answer Explanation

A solid turns into a liquid by melting, and a liquid turns into gas by vaporization.

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