Hardened deposits of cholesterol that accumulate in the structure that stores bile are known as

Answer Explanation

The organ that synthesizes both urea and bile is the liver (E).

The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism and detoxification in the body. It synthesizes urea as a waste product of protein metabolism through the process of the urea cycle. Urea is then excreted by the kidneys in urine.

Additionally, the liver produces bile, a substance that aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. Bile is synthesized in hepatocytes (liver cells) and then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to emulsify fats.

Answer Explanation

A) Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.

- Correct: This is the correct answer. Proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acids by specific enzymes during the process of digestion. Enzymes like pepsin in the stomach and various proteases in the small intestine facilitate this breakdown.

B) Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.

- Incorrect: Hormones are not directly involved in breaking down proteins into simple sugars. Hormones are signaling molecules that regulate various processes in the body, including metabolism, but they don't directly participate in the breakdown of proteins into sugars.

C) Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.

- Incorrect: Hormones do not break down proteins into complex starches. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by enzymes, not hormones. Starches are complex carbohydrates and are broken down into simple sugars by enzymes like amylase, not proteins.

D) Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.

- Incorrect: Proteins are not broken down into simple sugars. They are broken down into amino acids by specific enzymes. Simple sugars come from the breakdown of carbohydrates, not proteins.

Answer Explanation

D) gallstones

- Correct: Gallstones would most directly interfere with the emulsification of fats. Emulsification of fats is primarily facilitated by bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, often consisting of cholesterol or bilirubin. These stones can obstruct the flow of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine, impairing the emulsification of fats and leading to difficulties in fat digestion and absorption. This obstruction can result in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and indigestion.

A) bronchitis

- Incorrect: Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs and does not directly interfere with the emulsification of fats in the digestive system.

B) gout

- Incorrect: Gout is a form of arthritis characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, typically affecting the feet. It does not directly interfere with the emulsification of fats in the digestive system.

C) goiter

- Incorrect: Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck, often due to iodine deficiency or thyroid disorders. It does not directly interfere with the emulsification of fats in the digestive system.