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Osteoporosis results from which of the following?

A. An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels

B. A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels

C. An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels

D. A decline in osteoclast activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels

Answer Explanation:

Osteoporosis is a condition that affects the bones, making them weak and brittle. It occurs when the balance between bone formation and bone resorption is disrupted. Bone formation is carried out by cells called osteoblasts, while bone resorption is done by cells called osteoclasts. Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix. Osteoporosis results from a decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels, leading to more bone loss than bone gain. This reduces the bone density and increases the risk of fractures.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.

Q #1: Which of the following are the two major parts of the nervous system?

A. Autonomic nervous system and central nervous system

B. Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

C. Peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system

D. Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Answer Explanation

The nervous system is divided into two major parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all the nerves outside of the CNS.
Q #2: Which of the following is the main function of centrosomes in animal cells?

A. Organelle trafficking

B. Pathogen digestion

C. Microtubule organization

D. Cytoplasm formation

Answer Explanation

Centrosomes are small structures that are found near the nucleus of animal cells. They consist of two centrioles that are surrounded by a protein matrix called the pericentriolar material. The main function of centrosomes is to organize the microtubules, which are long, hollow tubes that form part of the cytoskeleton. Microtubules are involved in many cellular processes, such as cell division, cell movement, and intracellular transport. Centrosomes act as the main microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in animal cells, meaning that they nucleate and anchor the microtubules
Q #3: In the following data table of an experiment carried out at 4° C (39.2° F) over 4 hours, which of the following options represents the dependent variable? Solution in bag Solution outside bag Bag mass change (g) water water   -0.2 20% sucrose   water   +2.4   40% sucrose   water   +4.3   60% sucrose   water   +5.8  

A. Duration

B. Temperature

C. Sucrose concentrations

D. Bag mass change

Answer Explanation

The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable, which is the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter. In this case, the dependent variable is the bag mass change, because it depends on the sucrose concentrations in the bag and outside the bag. The other variables, such as duration, temperature, and sucrose concentrations, are independent variables that are set by the experimenter.

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