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TEAS 7 Science Digestive System Practice Exam 1 Vitamin B1 assists an organic catalyst i...

Vitamin B1 assists an organic catalyst in cell respiration. This vitamin functions as

A. a polypeptide

B. a coenzyme

C. a substrate

D. an inorganic catalyst

Answer Explanation:

B) a coenzyme

- Correct: Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, functions as a coenzyme in cell respiration. Coenzymes are small molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions. In the case of thiamine, it serves as a coenzyme for several enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, particularly in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and the pentose phosphate pathway, which are essential processes in cell respiration. Thiamine helps in the conversion of carbohydrates into energy, ultimately facilitating ATP production.

A) a polypeptide

- Incorrect: Polypeptides are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, and they serve as the building blocks of proteins. Vitamin B1 is not a polypeptide itself but rather a small organic molecule.

C) a substrate

- Incorrect: Substrates are molecules upon which enzymes act to catalyze biochemical reactions. Vitamin B1 is not a substrate but rather a cofactor (coenzyme) that assists enzymes in catalyzing reactions.

D) an inorganic catalyst

- Incorrect: Inorganic catalysts are typically metallic ions or small inorganic molecules that facilitate chemical reactions but are not part of the reaction products. Vitamin B1 is an organic molecule derived from thiazole and pyrimidine rings and is not classified as an inorganic catalyst.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.

More Questions on TEAS 7 Science

  • Q #1: What occurs during the digestion of proteins?

    A. Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.

    B. Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.

    C. Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.

    D. Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.

    Answer Explanation

    A) Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.

    - Correct: This is the correct answer. Proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acids by specific enzymes during the process of digestion. Enzymes like pepsin in the stomach and various proteases in the small intestine facilitate this breakdown.

    B) Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.

    - Incorrect: Hormones are not directly involved in breaking down proteins into simple sugars. Hormones are signaling molecules that regulate various processes in the body, including metabolism, but they don't directly participate in the breakdown of proteins into sugars.

    C) Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.

    - Incorrect: Hormones do not break down proteins into complex starches. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by enzymes, not hormones. Starches are complex carbohydrates and are broken down into simple sugars by enzymes like amylase, not proteins.

    D) Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.

    - Incorrect: Proteins are not broken down into simple sugars. They are broken down into amino acids by specific enzymes. Simple sugars come from the breakdown of carbohydrates, not proteins.

  • Q #2: If no carbohydrate ingestion occurs in the body during a 24-hour period, liver activity provides for the body's needs by

    A. emulsification

    B. manufacturing more bile

    C. converting glycogen into glucose

    D. releasing iron

    Answer Explanation

    C) converting glycogen into glucose

    - Correct: When no carbohydrate ingestion occurs in the body during a 24-hour period, the liver can provide for the body's glucose needs by converting stored glycogen into glucose through a process known as glycogenolysis. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles. When blood glucose levels decrease, such as during fasting or low carbohydrate intake, the liver breaks down glycogen into glucose molecules, which are then released into the bloodstream to maintain blood glucose levels and provide energy to cells throughout the body.

    A) emulsification

    - Incorrect: Emulsification is a process by which bile breaks down large fat globules into smaller droplets to aid in fat digestion in the small intestine. It is not related to the liver's role in glucose metabolism.

    B) manufacturing more bile

    - Incorrect: The liver produces bile continuously, regardless of carbohydrate ingestion. While the liver's production of bile is important for fat digestion and absorption, it is not directly related to glucose metabolism.

    D) releasing iron

    - Incorrect: The liver is involved in storing and regulating iron levels in the body, but releasing iron is not directly related to providing for the body's glucose needs in the absence of carbohydrate ingestion.

  • Q #3: Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. A digestive function of organ C is the synthesis and secretion of

    A. salivary amylase

    B. protease

    C. hydrochloric acid

    D. bile

    Answer Explanation

    Protease enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins in our food into amino acids. Then different enzymes join amino acids together to form new proteins needed by the body for growth and repair. Protease enzymes are produced in pancreas.

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