Which foods should be included in a balanced diet as a good source of roughage?

A. red meat and poultry

B. fresh fruits and vegetables

C. eggs and milk products

D. animal fat and plant oil

Answer Explanation:

B) fresh fruits and vegetables

- Correct: Fresh fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of roughage, also known as dietary fiber. These foods provide insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, or a combination of both, which adds bulk to the stool and promotes healthy digestion. Insoluble fiber, found in foods like leafy greens, celery, and broccoli, helps to move food through the digestive tract, preventing constipation. Soluble fiber, found in foods like apples, oats, and beans, can help lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar levels.

A) red meat and poultry

- Incorrect: While red meat and poultry are good sources of protein and other nutrients, they are not significant sources of dietary fiber or roughage. These foods do not contribute to the fiber content of the diet.

C) eggs and milk products

- Incorrect: Eggs and milk products are valuable sources of protein, vitamins, and minerals, but they are not significant sources of dietary fiber or roughage. These foods do not provide the fiber needed for healthy digestion.

D) animal fat and plant oil

- Incorrect: Animal fat and plant oils are sources of dietary fat, which is important for providing energy and essential fatty acids in the diet. However, they do not contain significant amounts of dietary fiber or roughage. These foods do not contribute to the fiber content of the diet.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.

Q #1: A source of roughage in the human diet is supplied by certain

A. saturated lipids

B. complete proteins

C. complex carbohydrates

D. nucleic acids

Answer Explanation

C) complex carbohydrates

- Correct: Complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, are sources of roughage in the human diet. Roughage, also known as dietary fiber, refers to the indigestible portion of plant foods that adds bulk to the stool and promotes healthy digestion. Complex carbohydrates contain both soluble and insoluble fiber, which helps regulate bowel movements, prevent constipation, and promote overall digestive health.

A) saturated lipids

- Incorrect: Saturated lipids, commonly found in animal fats and some plant oils, are not sources of roughage. While they are a component of the diet and provide energy, they do not contribute to the fiber content of the diet.

B) complete proteins

- Incorrect: Complete proteins, which contain all essential amino acids, are not sources of roughage. Proteins are important for building and repairing tissues, as well as for various physiological functions, but they do not provide dietary fiber.

D) nucleic acids

- Incorrect: Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are not sources of roughage. They are essential molecules involved in genetic information transfer and protein synthesis but are not related to the fiber content of the diet.
Q #2: What occurs during the digestion of proteins?

A. Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.

B. Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.

C. Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.

D. Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.

Answer Explanation

A) Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.

- Correct: This is the correct answer. Proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acids by specific enzymes during the process of digestion. Enzymes like pepsin in the stomach and various proteases in the small intestine facilitate this breakdown.

B) Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.

- Incorrect: Hormones are not directly involved in breaking down proteins into simple sugars. Hormones are signaling molecules that regulate various processes in the body, including metabolism, but they don't directly participate in the breakdown of proteins into sugars.

C) Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.

- Incorrect: Hormones do not break down proteins into complex starches. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by enzymes, not hormones. Starches are complex carbohydrates and are broken down into simple sugars by enzymes like amylase, not proteins.

D) Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.

- Incorrect: Proteins are not broken down into simple sugars. They are broken down into amino acids by specific enzymes. Simple sugars come from the breakdown of carbohydrates, not proteins.
Q #3: In some regions of the world, children suffer from a protein deficiency known as kwashiorkor. This deficiency occurs when a child's diet is changed from high-protein breast milk to watery cereal. Even though the child is receiving calories, the child becomes sick and less active, and growth ceases. These symptoms are probably due to

A. too many nucleic acids in the diet

B. an overconsumption of complete protein foods

C. not enough carbohydrates in the diet

D. a lack of essential amino acids in the diet

Answer Explanation

D) a lack of essential amino acids in the diet

- Correct: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe acute malnutrition that occurs due to inadequate protein intake, particularly deficient in essential amino acids. When a child's diet is changed from high-protein breast milk to watery cereal, which is often low in protein and deficient in essential amino acids, the child may develop kwashiorkor despite receiving calories. Essential amino acids are necessary for proper growth, immune function, and overall health. Without an adequate supply of essential amino acids, the body cannot synthesize proteins required for various physiological processes, leading to symptoms such as stunted growth, lethargy, edema (swelling), and weakened immune function, which are characteristic of kwashiorkor.

A) too many nucleic acids in the diet

- Incorrect: Kwashiorkor is not caused by an excess of nucleic acids in the diet. Nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA and RNA and are not directly related to the development of kwashiorkor.

B) an overconsumption of complete protein foods

- Incorrect: Kwashiorkor results from a deficiency in protein intake, particularly inadequate consumption of essential amino acids, rather than an overconsumption of complete protein foods.

C) not enough carbohydrates in the diet

- Incorrect: While a diet lacking in carbohydrates can lead to energy deficiency, it does not directly cause the symptoms of kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is primarily associated with inadequate protein intake, not insufficient carbohydrate intake.

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Which foods should be included in a balanced diet as a good source of roughage?

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Q #1: A source of roughage in the human diet is supplied by certain

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