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Which is a function of the liver in human adults?

A. manufacturing red blood cells

B. producing chemical compounds known as auxins

C. storing the carbohydrate reserve glycogen

D. synthesizing the hormone insulin

Answer Explanation:

C) storing the carbohydrate reserve glycogen

- Correct: One of the functions of the liver in human adults is storing the carbohydrate reserve glycogen. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of glucose in the body. When blood glucose levels are high, such as after a meal, the liver takes up excess glucose and converts it into glycogen for storage. When blood glucose levels drop, such as between meals or during fasting, the liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into the bloodstream to maintain blood sugar levels within a normal range.

A) manufacturing red blood cells

- Incorrect: The primary site of red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in adults is the bone marrow, not the liver. While the liver is involved in the production of blood proteins and components, such as albumin, clotting factors, and plasma proteins, it is not responsible for manufacturing red blood cells.

B) producing chemical compounds known as auxins

- Incorrect: Auxins are a class of plant hormones involved in various physiological processes, such as cell elongation, apical dominance, and root development. They are not produced by the liver in human adults.

D) synthesizing the hormone insulin

- Incorrect: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, not the liver. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. While the liver responds to insulin by regulating glucose metabolism and storage, it does not synthesize insulin itself.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is C.

Q #1: Which part of the large intestine attaches to the appendix?

A. cecum

B. ascending colon

C. transverse colon

D. descending colon

Answer Explanation

Cecum attaches to the appendix
Q #2: Where does the majority of chemical digestion in the stomach occur?

A. fundus and body

B. cardia and fundus

C. body and pylorus

D. body

Answer Explanation

a) fundus and body

- Correct: The majority of chemical digestion in the stomach occurs in the fundus and body regions. These regions contain gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), pepsinogen, and mucus. Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic environment necessary for the activation of pepsinogen to pepsin, which is responsible for the digestion of proteins. Additionally, the stomach churns and mixes food with gastric juices in the fundus and body, facilitating the breakdown of food particles and the mixing of digestive enzymes with the food bolus.

b) cardia and fundus

- Incorrect: While the fundus region is involved in chemical digestion due to the presence of gastric glands, the cardia region primarily serves as the entry point of the esophagus into the stomach and does not significantly contribute to chemical digestion.

c) body and pylorus

- Incorrect: While the body region of the stomach is involved in chemical digestion, the pylorus region is primarily responsible for regulating the passage of partially digested food (chyme) into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter. The pylorus region does not contribute significantly to chemical digestion.

d) body

- Incorrect: While the body region of the stomach is involved in chemical digestion, the majority of chemical digestion occurs in both the fundus and body regions. The body region alone does not represent the entirety of where chemical digestion occurs in the stomach.
Q #3: During the process of absorption, nutrients from food go from:

A. the intestines into the bladder

B. the blood into the organs

C. the intestines into the bloodstream

D. the mouth into the stomach

Answer Explanation

c. the intestines into the bloodstream

- Correct: During the process of absorption, nutrients from food pass from the intestines into the bloodstream. After food is broken down into its constituent nutrients through digestion in the stomach and small intestine, these nutrients are absorbed across the lining of the small intestine into the bloodstream. The small intestine is highly specialized for absorption, with villi and microvilli increasing the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Once absorbed into the bloodstream, nutrients are transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body to provide energy, support growth and repair, and maintain overall health.

a. the intestines into the bladder

- Incorrect: The bladder is part of the urinary system and is responsible for storing urine produced by the kidneys. Absorption of nutrients does not involve passage into the bladder.

b. the blood into the organs

- Incorrect: While nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream are indeed transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body, absorption itself occurs in the intestines, not directly from the blood into the organs.

d. the mouth into the stomach

- Incorrect: The mouth and stomach are primarily involved in the initial stages of digestion, including mechanical breakdown of food and the initiation of chemical digestion of carbohydrates and proteins. Absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the small intestine, not from the mouth into the stomach.

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