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Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

A. The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.

B. The yield of product is increased.

C. A greater amount of heat energy is released by the reaction.

D. A more desirable product is often formed.

Answer Explanation:

A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction, which means that it allows the reaction to proceed faster without being consumed or changed itself. A catalyst does not affect the equilibrium of a reaction, so it does not change the amount or the type of product that is formed.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is A.

Q #1: Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?

A. Sodium bicarbonate inhibits peristalsis.

B. Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the pyloric sphincter.

C. Sodium bicarbonate is a protease that digests carbohydrates.

D. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.

Answer Explanation

The pancreas releases sodium bicarbonate into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. The main function of sodium bicarbonate is to neutralize the acidity of chyme, the semi-digested food that comes from the stomach. By doing so, sodium bicarbonate creates a more alkaline environment that is suitable for the action of pancreatic enzymes. Sodium bicarbonate does not affect peristalsis, the rhythmic contraction of the intestinal muscles, nor does it stimulate the pyloric sphincter, the valve that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum. Sodium bicarbonate is not a protease, an enzyme that digests proteins, nor does it digest carbohydrates.
Q #2: In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously?

A. Triple point

B. Critical temperature

C. Absolute zero

D. Critical point

Answer Explanation

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. A phase diagram usually has pressure on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis. As we move along the curves of the phase diagram, we can see how the state of the substance changes from solid to liquid to gas, or vice versa.
Q #3: Which of the following reasons explains why it is important for new scientific findings to be published?

A. Publishing findings will help scientists become more biased.

B. This prevents other scientists from performing similar tests.

C. Scientists will get paid if their findings are published.

D. Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings.

Answer Explanation

One of the essential aspects of scientific inquiry is the communication of results to peers and the public. Publishing new scientific findings allows other scientists to review, replicate, or challenge the methods and conclusions of a study. This way, science can advance by building on previous knowledge and correcting any errors or inconsistencies.

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