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Which of the following is a potential complication of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A. Conversion to carbon monoxide.

B. Formation of carboxyhemoglobin.

C. Increased production of red blood cells.

D. Decreased pulmonary function.

Answer Explanation:

Formation of carboxyhemoglobin.

Carbon monoxide binds to the hemoglobin to create a molecule called carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which interferes with the body’s ability to transport and use oxygen, especially in the brain.

Choice A is incorrect because carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide builds up in your bloodstream.

Choice C is incorrect because carbon monoxide poisoning does not increase the production of red blood cells.

Choice D is incorrect because decreased pulmonary function is not a potential complication of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.

Q #1: Which of the following is a mechanism that the body uses to regulate blood pH levels?

A. Increased respiration rate to remove excess CO2.

B. Decreased respiration rate to retain CO2.

C. Increased water intake to dilute the blood.

D. Decreased water intake to concentrate the blood.

Answer Explanation

The correct answer is choice A.

Increased respiration rate to remove excess CO2.

The body regulates blood pH through several mechanisms, including chemical buffers, the respiratory system, and the urinary system.

The respiratory system can adjust blood pH by changing the rate of respiration to remove or retain CO2.

When there is excess acid in the blood, the respiratory rate increases to remove more CO2, which helps to raise blood pH.

Choice B is incorrect because decreasing the respiration rate would retain CO2, which would lower blood pH.

Choice C is incorrect because increased water intake would not directly affect blood pH levels.

Choice D is incorrect because decreased water intake would not directly affect blood pH levels.
Q #2: A nurse is caring for a patient who has been declared brain dead and is awaiting organ donation. Which of the following interventions is most important to preserve the viability of the organs?

A. Administering antibiotics to prevent infection.

B. Maintaining normal body temperature and blood pressure.

C. Providing emotional support to the family members.

D. Applying eye drops and ointment to prevent corneal drying.

Answer Explanation

The correct answer is choice B.

Maintaining normal body temperature and blood pressure.

Early identification and management of potential organ donors must take into consideration specific pathophysiologic changes for medical optimization 1.

The VIPPS (ventilation, infusion and pumping, pharmacological treatment, and specificities) strategy is a mnemonic method that brings together key aspects of the restoration of oxygen delivery to tissues during hemodynamic instability plus organ optimization strategies.

Choice A is incorrect because administering antibiotics to prevent infection is not the most important intervention to preserve organ viability.

Choice C is incorrect because providing emotional support to family members, while important, is not an intervention that directly affects organ viability.

Choice D is incorrect because applying eye drops and ointment to prevent corneal drying is not the most important intervention to preserve organ viability.
Q #3: Which type of lymphocyte is capable of killing tumor cells and infected cells without prior sensitization?.

A. Helper T cells.

B. B cells.

C. Natural killer cells.

D. Cytotoxic T cells .

Answer Explanation

Natural killer cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes that are capable of destroying cells infected by viruses or bacteria and susceptible tumor cells without prior sensitization and restriction by MHC antigens.

Helper T cells (choice A) are a type of white blood cell that helps other immune cells respond to infections but do not directly kill infected or tumor cells.

B cells (choice B) are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to fight infections but do not directly kill infected or tumor cells.

Cytotoxic T cells (choice D) are a type of white blood cell that can kill infected or tumor cells but require prior sensitization to do so.

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